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| COMPUTERISED ANALYZER FOR ALL BLOOD TESTS |
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a needle, or via fingerprick. Blood tests are used to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, drug effectiveness, and organ function. They are also used in drug tests. |
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| TEST FOR H.I.V., A.I.D.S., HEPATITIS B, TYPHOID, T.B. |
HIV/AIDS Tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in serum, saliva, or urine. Such tests may detect antibodies, antigens, or RNA.
Hepatitis B Tests is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects hominoidea, including humans. Originally known as "serum hepatitis".
The tests, called assays, for detection of hepatitis B virus infection involve serum or blood tests that detect either viral antigens (proteins produced by the virus) or antibodies produced by the host. Interpretation of these assays is complex.
Typhoid Tests Test whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever are mixed with serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. It is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever. In case of Salmonella infections, it is a demonstration of the presence of O-soma false-positive result. Test results need to be interpreted carefully in the light of past history of enteric fever, typhoid vaccination, and the general level of antibodies in the populations in endemic areas of the world. Typhidot is the other test used to ascertain the diagnosis of typhoid fever. As with all serological tests, the rise in antibody levels needed to perform the diagnosis takes 7–14 days, which limits it applicability in early diagnosis. Other means of diagnosing Salmonella typhi (and paratyphi) include cultures of blood, urine and faeces. These organisms produce H2S from thiosulfate and can be easily identified on differential media such as Bismuth sulfite agar.
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by finding Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in a clinical specimen taken from the patient. While other investigations may strongly suggest tuberculosis as the diagnosis, they cannot confirm it.
A complete medical evaluation for tuberculosis (TB) must include a medical history, a physical examination, a chest X-ray and microbiological examination (of sputum or some other appropriate sample). It may also include a tuberculin skin test, other scans and X-rays, surgical biopsy. |
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| MALARIA-FALCIPARUM AND VIVAX |
| Malaria antigen detection tests are a group of commercially available tests that allow the rapid diagnosis of malaria by people who are not otherwise skilled in traditional laboratory techniques for diagnosing malaria or in situations where such equipment is not available. There are currently over 20 such tests commercially available (WHO product testing 2008). |
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| PREGNANCY PROFILE |
A pregnancy test attempts to determine whether a woman is pregnant. Markers that indicate pregnancy are found in urine and blood, and pregnancy tests require sampling one of these substances.
The test for pregnancy which can give the quickest result after fertilisation is a rosette inhibition assay for early pregnancy factor (EPF). EPF can be detected in blood within 48 hours of fertilization. However, testing for EPF is expensive and time-consuming. |
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| SEMEN ANALYSES |
| A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses) evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained in the semen. It is done to help evaluate male fertility, whether for those seeking pregnancy or verifying the success of vasectomy. Depending on the measurement method, just a few characteristics may be evaluated (such as with a home kit) or many characteristics may be evaluated (generally by a diagnostic laboratory). Collection techniques and precise measurement method may influence results. |
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| KIDNEY PROFILE, LIVER PROFILE |
Kidney Profile : Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the state of the kidney and its role in renal physiology. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney.
The usual blood test which checks that the kidneys are working properly measures the level of urea, creatinine, and certain dissolved salts.The results of these tests are important in assessing the excretory function of the kidneys.
Liver Profile : Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), are groups of clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the state of a patient's liver. The parameters measured include PT/INR, aPTT, albumin, bilirubin (direct and indirect) and others. According to some, liver transaminases (AST/ALT (SGOT/SGPT) are not liver function tests, but are biomarkers of liver injury in a patient with some degree of intact liver function. Other sources include transaminases. |
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| DIABETIC PROFILE, HEART PROFILE |
Diabetic Profile Tests : These can be categorized into three groups of tests
Group I Tests : 1. Blood sugar (F - fasting) 2. Blood sugar (post–prandial (PP) – Two hours, after lunch 3. Urine sugar (F)
4. Urine sugar (PP) 5. Urine ketone bodies 6. Blood urea nitrogen
Group II Tests : 1. Serum total cholesterol 2. Serum HDL cholesterol 3. Serum total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio
4. Serum triglycerides
Group III Tests : 1.Blood pH 2. Serum bicarbonate 3. Serum sodium, potassium and chlorides 4. Blood gases (PCO2, PO2) |
| Lipid profile or lipid panel, is the collective term given to the estimation of, typically, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. An extended lipid profile may include very low-density lipoprotein. This is used to identify hyperlipidemia (various disturbances of cholesterol and triglyceride levels), many forms of which are recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease and sometimes pancreatitis. |
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